Original
If {{MATH_8}} and {{MATH_9}} are differentiable, then
{{MATH_10}}
{{CMD_11}}
To start, we need some way to understand the function
{{MATH_12}}
One interpretation of multiplication is it is the area of a {{MATH_13}} rectangle:
{{CMD_14}}
{{ENV_15}}
{{CMD_16}}
To understand the derivative of the product, we must understand how
the area, {{MATH_17}}, changes as {{MATH_18}} changes. If we change the inputs of
{{MATH_19}} and {{MATH_20}} by {{MATH_21}}, then the size of the rectangle changes:
{{CMD_22}}
{{ENV_23}}
{{CMD_24}}
However, we know from our previous work that
{{ENV_25}}
so now our picture becomes:
{{CMD_26}}
{{ENV_27}}
{{CMD_28}}
Note, if we think of {{MATH_29}}, then we can also label
our picture as follows:
{{CMD_30}}
{{ENV_31}}
{{CMD_32}}
Finally, from the pictures above and recalling that
{{ENV_33}}
we see that
{{ENV_34}}
Dividing both sides by {{MATH_35}} we see
{{MATH_36}}
and letting {{MATH_37}} go to zero we see
{{MATH_38}}
{{CMD_39}}
{{CMD_40}}